Read the following passage about Cải Lương and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks
Cải Lương, a form of traditional Vietnamese theatre, emerged around the 1910s and gained popularity among the communities in the south, especially in the Mekong Delta region. In the early years, Cải Lương performances were held in makeshift theatres or open-air spaces, and the plays were often performed by itinerant troupes. Just like a Western circus, they {{1}}.
Cải Lương uses a combination of music, singing, acting, and dance to depict a wide range of themes and stories. These include historical events, folklore, legends, and contemporary social issues. The performances are characterised by vibrant costumes, bold makeup, and expressive gestures. {{2}}, Cai Luong offers a reflection on Vietnamese culture, history, values, and societal concerns.
The distinctive music in Cải Lương is created by the combination of a variety of instruments. They include the dan tranh, a 16-stringed zither with movable bridges, the đàn nguyệt, a two-stringed moon-shaped lute, the dàn cò, a two-stringed fiddle, and a bamboo flute. {{3}}, they produce a melodic and unique sound that complements the storytelling and singing in Cải Lương.
Cải Lương owes its development to numerous talented individuals who have contributed their skills and creativity over the years. Prominent figures like Bay Nam, Phùng Há and Út Trà Ôn, together with others, played crucial roles in shaping and popularising Cải Lương. {{4}}, they elevated Cải Lương to become a cherished cultural tradition in Viet Nam.
At present, Cải Lương faces concerns about its future due to the declining interest among younger generations and the influence of modern entertainment. However, {{5}}, efforts to raise awareness, engage new audiences, and adapt to new tastes may safeguard the sustainability of Cải Lương in the years to come.
(Adapted from Global friends)