IMPORTANT RULES FOR BUS TRAVELERS
1. Make sure you have your ticket ready before (13) the bus.
2. Seats near the front are reserved for (14) passengers, including the elderly and those with disabilities.
3. (15) to any instructions from the driver or conductor to ensure safety during your journey.
4. Do not block the doors or emergency exits in case of (16) .

Last month, our class participated in a volunteering project to help clean up a nearby beach. The day was full of unexpected events. ________
a. Just as we started, it began to rain heavily, forcing us to take shelter under some trees.
b. Once the rain stopped, we resumed our work with even more determination to finish cleaning the beach.
c. We collected plastic waste, glass bottles, and other trash that had been washed ashore.

Urban green spaces such as parks, gardens, and nature reserves play a vital role in improving city life. First, they provide places for recreation and relaxation, helping people (19) stress. Green areas also contribute to better air quality by (20) harmful pollutants. Additionally, these spaces promote biodiversity by offering habitats for various species.
Studies show that people living near green spaces tend to be more physically active, which (21) to improved mental and physical health. Furthermore, urban greenery encourages community interaction, fostering a sense of belonging among residents. In the future, city planners aim to (22) more green spaces to accommodate growing populations. However, maintaining these areas can be challenging due to limited funding and space.
Urban green spaces also help in reducing noise pollution, which can greatly affect the quality of life in cities. Noise from traffic and industry can (23) stress and health issues, and green areas act as buffers to reduce the impact of noise.
Urban green spaces can also help in climate regulation by (24) temperatures during hot seasons, making cities more comfortable for residents.

Cities around the world are evolving to meet the needs of growing populations. Urban planners are focusing on creating sustainable cities that are both environmentally friendly and efficient. One trend is the development of smart cities, which use digital technologies to optimize infrastructure and services. For example, smart traffic lights can reduce congestion by adjusting in real-time based on traffic flow, while sensors monitor energy consumption to improve efficiency.
Another important feature of future cities is the inclusion of green spaces. Parks and urban forests not only provide places for recreation but also help reduce pollution and lower temperatures. In addition, cities are investing in public transportation to reduce reliance on personal vehicles, which contributes to cleaner air and less traffic congestion.
However, creating sustainable cities is not without challenges. Funding is one issue, as the cost of building smart infrastructure can be very high. Additionally, balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability requires careful planning and cooperation between governments, businesses, and citizens.

The Challenges of Urbanization
Urbanization is a process where people move from rural areas to cities in search of better living standards and job opportunities. (37) . It has led to the growth of many cities around the world. However, urbanization also brings many challenges, including increased pollution and traffic congestion.
One major issue associated with urbanization is the lack of affordable housing. (38) . As more people move to cities, the demand for housing increases, which often drives up prices.
Urbanization also has environmental impacts, such as the loss of green spaces. (39) . Many cities are struggling to balance development with the need to preserve nature.
To address these challenges, governments and city planners need to find sustainable solutions. (40) . Initiatives such as public transportation and green building designs can help make cities more livable.

A. Rapid population growth is a significant factor in urbanization.
B. This can make it difficult for low-income families to find suitable places to live.
C. Urban planning must prioritize sustainability to ensure a better quality of life.
D. Parks and natural areas are often replaced by buildings and roads.