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Global urbanisation has increased significantly in recent decades, and one of the main drivers of this growth has been rural migration. (1) . Half of the world's population already resides in cities, and by 2050, experts predict that number to reach as high as two-thirds. Many factors contribute to this global phenomenon (2) .
There are many push factors which force people away from rural life. For example, rural residents have fewer employment options because there are not many large companies nearby. What's more, rural jobs are mainly related to agriculture, so crop failures because of natural disasters (3) . By contrast, there are pull factors that attract people to urban life. Urban areas have more industries, so people can easily get good jobs and achieve a higher standard of living. (4) , which allows urban citizens to access leisure activities easily.
In the process of urbanisation, rural migration causes various far-reaching impacts on the environment and urban citizens. First, deforestation occurs when city governments have forests cut down to build accommodation for new residents, which harms the environment and reduces air quality. As growing populations result in more deforestation and pollution, the air quality worsens, which can lead to health issues for residents. Second, (5) . As a result, some low-income people are unable to obtain the necessary affordable housing and end up living in slums, where the quality of life is very poor.
(Adapted from Bright)

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Urbanisation is a global phenomenon of growing urban areas (6) . The growth of industries, rural migration and government policies are just a few of the factors that contribute to urbanisation. However, is this phenomenon advantageous or disadvantageous?
On the one hand, urbanisation has several advantages. One of the advantages is that it creates well-developed urban areas with rapid transit systems, good educational and medical facilities, and recreational facilities, all of which provide convenience and (7) . Another advantage is that urban areas typically serve as technological advancement hubs, (8) and drive technological advancement.
On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to urbanisation. The main drawback is that rapid urbanisation can lead to overcrowding, traffic congestion and a decrease in the quality of pubic services. Consequently, this makes life difficult for people who usually depend on them. An additional disadvantage is the difficulty that low-income families have (9) due to the high cost of housing. As a result, many of them are forced to relocate to slums with poor housing and inadequate necessities.
All in all, while there are drawbacks to urbanisation, it is a necessary modem trend that people must adapt to. Urban planning, facility investment and social policies (10) are examples of efforts to address the challenges of urbanisation.
(Adapted from Bright)

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The most essential thing cities can do is to create a clear urbanization plan. This means knowing how many people (11) , what infrastructure is needed, and how they will manage the growth. Another important aspect is to make sure that all city residents should have access to the same services and opportunities, regardless of their background. Cities must invest in education, healthcare, and public transport to ensure (12) .
One of the biggest challenges is housing. With more people moving to cities, the demand for housing is high, and (13) . Cities must ensure enough housing is available for everyone at a fair price by investing in social housing, encouraging developers to build affordable homes, and providing financial support.
Cities also need to think about the impact of urbanization on the environment. With more people comes more pollution, and cities need to be active (14) .
All in all, urbanization can be a good thing for cities, but careful planning is essential. (15) , large cities can provide a high quality of life with a sustainable future.
(Adapted from Bright)