Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50.
While the written word has done much to preserve history, pictures are necessary to supplement the printed page. No other section of the American frontier has been so richly endowed with a pictorial record of its past as has the area encompassed by the headwaters of the Missouri River and its tributary, the Yellowstone. For almost a century, beginning in the 1830s, artists with pencil and brush added to this record. Although paintings and drawings often provide a very valuable record, when pictures are considered from the standpoint of exactness, the work of the photographer must come first.
In the spring of 1886, a 30-year-old sodbuster who had worked briefly as a photographer back East hit upon the idea of producing an album of his fellow settlers. For the next 15 years, as the pioneer era drew to a close, Solomon Butcher crisscrossed Custer County, Nebraska, in a wagon that served as his studio. He announced his forays with notices in the local newspaper: "Farmers, have your farm photos taken for Butchery Pioneer History." The fact that Butcher was himself a farmer provided rapport with his subjects. But his genius as a photographer lay in allowing them to pose as they wished, against scenes of their own choosing. The portraits that resulted convey the dignity of pioneers in challenging circumstances, and they remain a classic record of a resolute breed.
Another pictorial account of the American frontier was left by L. Huffman, a young man of pioneer stock who arrived in the Montana Territory in 1878 to work as a post photographer. When he died in 1931, Huffman left a priceless collection of pictures of Indians in the last days of buffalo-skin tepees, the buffalo hunters in the days of the open range, the lonely life of the sheepherder, the growth of the range towns, the coming of the railroads, and the final infiltration of the "plow man."
