Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 41 to 45.

ORIGIN OF VALENTINE'S DAY AND WHITE DAY
Valentine's Day was established by Pope Gelasius I in AD 496 to honor Saint Valentine, a Christian martyr. The holiday first became (41)________ with romantic love in the circle of Geoffrey Chaucer in the High Middle Ages, when the tradition of courtly love flourished. The sending of Valentines (greeting cards) was a fashion in nineteenth-century Great Britain, and, in 1847, Esther Howland developed a successful business in her Worcester, Massachusetts home with hand-made Valentine cards based on British models. Since the 19th century, handwritten valentines have largely given (42)________ to mass-produced greeting cards.
On the other hand, White Day is a relatively new phenomenon created by the confectionery industry in Japan. White Day was first celebrated in 1978 in Japan. In 1977 a Fukuoka-based confectionery company, Ishimura Manseido, marketed marshmallows to men on March 14, calling it "Marshmallow Day”. (43)_______ Marshmallow Day did not succeed as a cultural phenomenon, the National Confectionery Industry Association established White Day as an "answer day" or "reply day" to Valentine's Day exhorting men to return the favor to the women (44)______ gave them chocolates and (45)_______ presents on Valentine's Day. The color white was chosen because it's the color of purity, evoking "pure, sweet teen love", and because it's also the color of sugar. The initial name was "Ai ni Kotaeru White Day" (Answer Love on White Day).
(Adapted from https://www.diffen.com/difference/Valentine%27s_Day_vs_White_Day)