Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
Plastic pollution is the buildup of synthetic plastic materials in the environment, harming wildlife, habitats, and human populations. It began with Bakelite's invention in 1907, which introduced synthetic plastic into global commerce. Over time, plastics have become persistent pollutants, from mountain peaks to ocean floors. As plastics are non-biodegradable, they remain in the environment for hundreds of years, often ending up in landscapes, oceans, and other natural areas due to improper disposal.
Plastics are designed to resist decay, unlike natural materials such as rubber or silk, which break down over time. This durability has caused environmental problems, as plastic bottles, bags, and packaging are frequently discarded improperly. Lightweight, disposable plastics make up about half of all plastic production and are often left in public spaces or carried by the wind, creating litter worldwide. Improper disposal has turned plastic pollution into a global issue, affecting countries everywhere.
The oceans are the most affected by plastic pollution. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste go into the seas, hurting marine animals. Big pieces of plastic can entangle animals, making them unable to escape, while tiny microplastics are eaten by sea creatures. This is dangerous for the animals and for people who eat seafood. Microplastics have been found in deep ocean areas and inside sea animals. They collect harmful chemicals, which can also make them dangerous to nature.
On land, plastic pollution blocks drainage systems, leading to urban flooding. Birds and animals feeding near waste dumps often ingest plastic, causing health issues. Additionally, microplastics are carried by the wind, polluting remote regions like mountaintops and Arctic ice. Addressing this issue requires reducing plastic production, improving waste management, and raising awareness of its harmful effects.
