Read a passage about urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best fits each of the number blanks.

Urbanization refers to the movement of people from rural areas to cities, ___(1)___. This shift is primarily driven by the greater opportunities available in cities. However, rapid population growth in urban areas can result in significant challenges.
One major issue is poverty. ___(2)___. These areas often suffer from high crime rates, poor sanitation, and limited access to healthcare. Solutions to this problem include increasing the presence of social workers and law enforcement in these neighborhoods. A more expensive but effective solution would be to replace outdated housing with affordable, high-quality accommodations.
Pollution is ___(3)___. Large populations generate excessive waste, overwhelming sanitation systems and leaving some areas dirty. Possible solutions include organizing volunteer clean-up efforts, installing more trash bins, and imposing heavy fines on littering offenders.
Traffic congestion is also a significant concern. ___(4)___ to overcrowded roads and increased air pollution. Cities can address this issue by restricting the use of private cars in central areas and encouraging the use of public transportation.
In conclusion, while urbanization offers opportunities, ___(5)___. Addressing poverty, pollution, and traffic requires thoughtful planning to improve urban living conditions and ensure sustainable growth.
(Adapted from I-smart learn 12)