Read the following passage about water scarcity and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 40.
[I] Water scarcity will have become one of the most pressing global challenges by 2026. According to the United Nations, nearly two-thirds of the world's population now faces water shortages for at least part of the year. [II] Climate change, population growth, and inefficient water management have all contributed to this worsening crisis. Additionally, industrial pollution and poor infrastructure have led to severe water contamination in many regions. [III] In some areas, outdated pipelines cause significant water loss, while in others, over-extraction of groundwater depletes reserves faster than they can be replenished. [IV] Without urgent intervention, experts warn that conflicts over water resources may become more frequent in the coming decades.
Governments worldwide are implementing measures to conserve water and improve efficiency. Many cities are investing in desalination plants, which turn seawater into drinking water. Others are focusing on advanced irrigation techniques to reduce waste in agriculture, the sector that consumes the most water globally. In addition, strict laws are being enforced to limit industrial pollution and protect vital freshwater sources. Meanwhile, some regions are exploring water recycling and wastewater treatment as sustainable alternatives.
Despite these efforts, millions of people in developing countries still lack access to clean water. Rural communities in parts of Africa, South Asia, and Latin America struggle with poor sanitation, leading to the spread of diseases. Humanitarian organizations are working to provide affordable filtration systems, rainwater collection, and improved sanitation infrastructure to support these populations.
Experts emphasize that solving the water crisis requires global cooperation. Governments, businesses, and individuals must take responsibility by reducing water waste, investing in sustainable technologies, and protecting natural ecosystems. Without coordinated action, the world could face severe social, economic, and environmental consequences in the near future.
