I. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY

Urban areas are expanding rapidly, (1) ________ creates new job opportunities but also puts pressure on infrastructure. The (2) ________ growth of cities often leads to traffic congestion and air pollution. (3) ________ is a serious issue when cities fail to provide enough housing for residents. (4) ________ the population increases, public services become more difficult to manage. (5) ________ these problems, many people continue to migrate to urban centers.