Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.
URBAN SHIFT
[I] The rapid urbanization of Vietnam has brought about significant changes to the country’s social and economic landscape. As more people migrate from rural areas to cities in search of better opportunities, urban centers are experiencing unprecedented growth. This shift, while offering numerous benefits, also presents challenges such as overcrowding, pollution, and strain on infrastructure. [II] In recent years, cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City have seen their populations swell, leading to increased demand for housing, transportation, and public services.
The urban shift is driven by a combination of factors, including industrialization, job opportunities, and improved access to education and healthcare. [III] However, the rapid influx of people has outpaced the development of infrastructure, resulting in traffic congestion, inadequate housing, and environmental degradation. For instance, the construction of high-rise buildings and roads has often neglected proper urban planning, exacerbating these issues. [IV]
To address these challenges, the Vietnamese government and local authorities are implementing measures to promote sustainable urban development. Efforts include expanding public transportation networks, building affordable housing, and investing in green spaces. Additionally, policies are being introduced to encourage balanced regional development, aiming to reduce the pressure on major cities by creating economic opportunities in rural areas.
Despite these efforts, the urban shift continues to pose significant challenges. Ensuring equitable access to resources, managing environmental impacts, and improving urban planning remain critical for the sustainable growth of Vietnam’s cities.
(Adapted from Bright)
