[154] - Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT 2024 - Môn Tiếng Anh - SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO THÁI NGUYÊN

The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather patterns (26) _____ strongly affect the world. When the water is warm, the amount of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could (27) _____ experience a drought in many parts. On (28) _____ hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier. This happening is called El Nino and is used by weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will (29) _____ unusually heavy rains to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time.
According to research, weather forecasters used to know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become completely different. El Nino itself used to be (30) _____. It would occur every two to seven years. But now, this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this change on a global scale either.

The biggest difference between an eco-lodge and a green hotel is the setting in which you’ll find them. Eco-lodges tend to be more remote, located in relatively pristine natural environments such as beaches, jungles and mountains. Green hotels, on the other hand, are more often associated with cities and towns.
Eco lodges and green hotels both emphasize elements such as environmental responsibility and minimizing negative impact. The best ones offer renewable energy sources, recycling services, eco- friendly toiletries, energy efficient lighting, locally sourced food, organic linens and towels, non- toxic cleaning supplies, non-disposable dishes, water conservation methods and various other sustainability- focused initiatives.
But eco lodges tend to be more dependent on the natural environment than green hotels. They are also generally more active in nature and wildlife conservation, more focused on educating visitors about the flora and fauna of local ecosystems, and more deeply connected with the area’s indigenous culture (whose influence is often incorporated into the lodge’s decor and restaurant menu).
The best eco lodges also work to ensure positive relationships with the local people. They train and employ them at fair wages, take part in community development initiatives, offer activities that help visitors conserve and appreciate local customs, and contribute to the local economy. In this way, they reinforce the notion of ecotourism as a more sustainable long-term business model than altering or destroying habitats for quick financial gains.

Over the last several decades, environmental specialists have proposed various strategies aimed at slowing down this process of deforestation in developing countries. Many of these proposals are indeed valuable ideas in that they are realistic attempts to address some of the causes of deforestation, such as farming, cattle ranching, and commercial logging. All of them rely on government involvement of some kind.
There are three broad categories of solutions: state economic policies, internal agreements, and international programs. Economic policies generally attempt to limit the activity of small farmers through government action. Government actions can include the clear proper definition and enforcement of property rights, meaning that squatting, or illegally settling on land, would be more difficult. Subsidies can be used to encourage conservation. That is, money may be paid to supplement the income of those farmers who make an effort to reduce the usual amount of damage to the forest that their farms cause. In addition, taxes can act as a deterrent to undesirable land use.
An internal agreement may be made between governments and indigenous or native people living in the moist rainforests and open woodlands of the tropics, where the vast majority of this deforestation is occurring. Such an agreement would allow people to carry on traditional activities adapted for some economic benefits.
Finally, international agreements usually involve the exchanges of monetary aid in return for government action to protect its forests. One such plan seeks to help pay a nation’s debt in exchange for restrictions on certain kinds of activities in rainforests. Instead of selling logging concessions to pay down that obligation, the government receives money for banning or restricting logging in its forests. There is also the proposal of a global fund created in order to grant money to countries that choose to protect their environments.
It is clear that something must be done to protect the forests of the world. If the current rate of deforestation continues, the world’s rainforests will vanish within 100 years, causing numerous adverse effects on the global climate and eliminating the majority of plant and animal species on the planet.