Decide whether the underlined parts are perfect gerund (PG) or perfect participle (PP). ⇱
Question 1. The students admitted having copied portions of their assignments from the internet.
Question 2. Having won the championship, the team celebrated their victory.
Question 3. Having learned to play the guitar, he entertained the crowd with his music.
Question 4. He apologized for having arrived late to the important presentation.
Question 5. Not having studied hard enough, I failed the entrance exam.
Question 6. We are proud of having built a successful business from scratch.
Question 7. Not having read the book, he can’t give us his opinion.
Question 8. We congratulated Sarah on having been promoted to the position of manager.
Question 9. I remember having visited that museum when I was a child.
Question 10. Having completed his degree gave John more confidence to enter the workforce.
Rewrite these sentences using perfect gerunds or perfect participle clauses. ⇱
Question 11.
They saved enough money, and then they planned an exciting vacation abroad. → Having .
Question 12.
Sarah had studied diligently, so she felt confident about her upcoming exam. → Having studied diligently, .
Question 13.
"No, I have never seen the confidential document on my coworker’s desk," said he. → He denied .
Question 14.
After I had prepared well for my final exam, I felt fairly confident about my success. → Having prepared well for my final exam helped .
Question 15.
"You have cheated on the exam,” said the teacher. → The teacher accused the students of .