Unit 9. CHOOSING A CAREER (Bài tập 5) - Tiếng Anh lớp 12

Vocational training in the UK is intended to give people the skills and knowledge they need to perform a particular job, and involves practical instruction as well as theory. Most vocational training takes place not in universities but in colleges of further education and in colleges specializing in art, accountancy, etc. some secondary schools now also offer an introduction to vocational training.
NVQs (National Vocational Qualifications) are qualifications that can be obtained by people already working in a particular industry. Colleges of further education run courses to provide a theoretical background. NVQs are awarded on the basis of practical work, spoken and written test, and coursework. There are five levels, from Foundation to Management. Since 1992 many students in schools and colleges have been working for GNVQs (General National Vocational Qualifications), as an alternative to GCSEs and A levels. GNVQs cover similar areas to NVQs and are intended as introductions to a particular field of work and the skills required. Students can choose from over 500 subjects. At the lowest of its three levels. Foundation, a GNVQ is equivalent to a GCSE and from 2002 they are being replaced by new vocational GCSEs.
In the US there are no national qualifications like NVQs, though some professional organizations decide on their own qualifications and some of these have become widely accepted. Much vocational training is done by private institutions which are sometimes called proprietary schools. Although many of these are good, in general they have a bad reputation. This is partly because there are no controls over who can operate such a school. Some proprietary schools try to get as many students as possible, including some who will probably not be able to complete their training.
Most US secondary schools programs do not provide a choice between an academic and a practical track (a program of study), but most do give students an opportunity to take some practical or vocational classes. Large school districts may have magnet schools, schools that attract students with certain interests, and some of these may have a large choice of vocational courses.

A _ The name of this benefit says it all. By doing an apprenticeship, you get to earn a wage whilst gaining a qualification - the best of both worlds, if you like. It's worth noting that most apprenticeships tend to start on the National Minimum wage for an apprenticeship - which currently stands at £3.40 an hour - but there are plenty of opportunities for you to increase your wage by working hard and building up your skills, be it that you find a job elsewhere afterwards, or are kept on and trained even further by the company you completed your apprenticeship with.
B _ By going to both work and college, you'll get double the amount of support than you would get just going to one or the other. The support from both your tutor and your colleagues will have you gain plenty of knowledge, putting in you in a positive position for the future.
C _ Apprenticeships are hard work when compared to school or college alone, but they're the ideal way to prepare yourself for the world of work, as well as putting you in the right place to build a successful career in your chosen field.
D _ As well as gaining a year or more worth of valuable work experience, you will also get a qualification at the end of it all. This qualification can open up several different career pathways - regardless of the apprenticeship you have chosen - and will always, always look great on your CV.
E _ Depending on where you live, there are all manner of apprenticeship courses for you to take part in - you're bound to find a subject that you will be keen to build a career in.
F _ You'll find learn-on-the-job apprenticeships for Plumbing, Hairdressing, Customer Service, and Health and Social Care, which are pretty commonplace, but some places may offer more obscure apprenticeships, such as Horticulture, Optical, and even Sea Fishing!
G _ There is one benefit that often lures people in! Unlike a university degree, there are no loans needed to undertake an apprenticeship. Seeing as you'll be earning money while you learn, there'll be absolutely nothing to pay back over the next 20 years.
H _ A lesser-known fact is apprentices can benefit from student discounts too! Seeing as you're still a student at college, it only makes sense that you should receive the same benefits that other college students do. The NUS Apprentice extra card - which can be purchased for a one-time cost of £11 - offers you discounts and special rates on everything from fashion websites, to days out, to doing the weekly shop.
I _ Just like any other job, apprenticeships offer paid holiday. It may vary by employer and job title, but the general rule is that you will be entitled to at least one and a half days' paid holiday for every month of work. So, if your apprenticeship lasts 12 months, you'll have 18 days of the year to yourself - as well as bank holidays.