Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
You’ve probably ___(31)___ “breakfast is the most important meal of the day” recently. In 1983, we ___(32)___ a newsletter article looking at the popular notion of breakfast’s great importance, which had just been called into question by two British nutritionists. They had reviewed the research on the topic and found little evidence to support the slogan. The available studies on breakfast were small and poorly designed.
Today, scientists are still studying breakfast’s role in ___(33)___, but many more studies (and much higher quality ones) are available. In 2021, a recent scientific statement from the American Heart Association, published in Circulation, included a review of the body of science on breakfast and cardiovascular health. The authors ___(34)___ that planning and timing meals and snacks, such as not skipping breakfast and allocating more calories earlier in the day, might help reduce risk of cardiovascular ___(35)___ and problems related to blood sugar control. They also noted that breakfast skippers were less likely to meet recommendations for vitamins and minerals and had poorer diets overall compared to breakfast eaters.
It’s still a stretch to say breakfast is the most important meal, but eating a healthy breakfast is associated with potential benefits. If you normally skip breakfast (as 20 to 30% of US adults do), you may want to rethink that or make ___(36)___ your food choices at other times are nutrient-rich.
Nutrition Then and Now - Tufts Health & Nutrition Letter
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
What’s more important for healthy blood pressure, lowering your sodium intake or increasing calcium? That was the focus of a 1984 newsletter article. It reviewed a study showing higher dietary calcium intake was associated with lower risk of hypertension.
Today, hypertension research would be more likely to look at the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, rather than specific minerals. DASH is an eating pattern that emphasizes foods such as fruits and vegetables, beans, nuts, whole grains and healthful dairy products, which are rich in nutrients that support healthy blood pressure, including potassium, magnesium and calcium. The diet has been consistently shown to lower blood pressure in people with hypertension.
That example shows that rather than focusing on individual nutrients in managing chronic disease risk (like heart disease and diabetes), today we look at the dietary pattern as a whole. This means the overall combination of foods and beverages we consume day in and day out. Individual nutrients don’t always give the whole picture. Foods contain complex combinations of nutrients that may interact and be more beneficial together than alone.
“In addition, foods contain thousands of phytochemicals, which may themselves have beneficial effects on health,” says Alice H. Lichtenstein, DSc, director of Tufts’ HNRCA Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory and executive editor of Tufts Health & Nutrition Letter. “Since phytochemicals are not present in the vast majority of nutritional supplements, the only way to ensure we get enough of them is to eat whole foods that constitute a healthy dietary pattern.”
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