[038] - Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT 2024 - Môn Tiếng Anh - SỞ GD&ĐT HÀ NỘI

When parents name their children, they often take into consideration their own preferences, family traditions, or beliefs. In many European cultures, parents typically select names based on family connections, often honoring grandparents or ancestors. For instance, in Italy, children are commonly named after their grandparents, starting with the father's parents and then the mother's. Similarly, in Eastern Europe, children may be named after their deceased relatives to protect them from harm.
In some Asian countries, the naming process may involve the child's grandfather or a fortune-teller, who chooses a name believed to shape the child's character. Names might be inspired by elements like fire, water, earth, wood, or metal, or they may convey qualities such as beauty, strength, or kindness.
African cultures also have unique naming traditions, such as in Ghana's Akan culture, where a child's name is determined by the day of their birth. Each day has specific names for boys and girls, reflecting characteristics associated with that day. For example, a boy born on Friday might be named Kofi, symbolizing a "wanderer" or "explorer" while a girl born on the same day could be named Afua, also representing a traveler.
No matter where a name originates, it holds significant meaning and reflects the child's cultural heritage. Whether chosen out of preference or dictated by tradition, a child's name is a cherished and respected gift.

In 1902, just a year after graduating from Cornell University, Willis Carrier pioneered the design of the first air-conditioning unit. Working at a Brooklyn printing plant, Carrier encountered challenges due to fluctuations in heat and moisture, which caused the printing paper to consistently change size, complicating the alignment of different colors. Carrier's innovative invention revolutionized the control of temperature and humidity levels, enabling precise color alignment. This breakthrough not only transformed the printing industry but also facilitated advancements in film, processed food, textiles, and pharmaceuticals by enhancing the quality of their respective products.
The first air-conditioning device was installed in a private residence in 1914. Nonetheless, its bulky size, reminiscent of early computer equipment, hindered widespread adoption. Subsequent models, like the Weathermaker introduced by Carrier in the 1920s, remained financially out of reach for the majority due to their high costs. Cooling for human comfort, rather than industrial need, really took off when three air conditioners were installed in a department store in Detroit, Michigan. The shop was packed with people eager to experience the novelty of the invention, and its popularity quickly extended from department stores to cinemas.
To start with, money-conscious employers regarded air conditioning as a luxury. They considered that if they were paying people to work, they should not be paying for them to be comfortable as well.[So in the 1940s and 1950s, the industry started putting out a different message about its product: according to their research, installing air conditioning increased productivity amongst employees. They found that typists increased their output by 24% when transferred from a regular office to a cooled one. Another study into office working conditions, which was carried out in the late 1950s, showed that the majority of companies cited air conditioning as the single most important contributor to efficiency in offices.
However, air conditioning faces criticism from some quarters. Environmentalist Jed Brown argues that air conditioning contributes to global warming. Unfortunately, he adds, because air conditioning leads to higher temperatures, people have to use it even more paradoxically. However, he concedes that it does offer á healthier environment for many individuals during the sweltering summer months.

It is sometimes said that our real education consists of ___(43)___ we have not forgotten after leaving school. Does this mean that we learn too many unnecessary facts, or suggest that it may not be worth studying while undertaking further studies since we will probably forget ___(44)___ of our new knowledge too? These negative interpretations miss the point. ___(45)___ of how much we forget, most of us can read and write, and use numbers in our everyday lives. What is more, a good education helps to equip us with the necessary social skills to interact with other people. It also gives us the appropriate critical thinking skills to assess a(n) ___(46)___ variety of situations and set about solving our problems. Additionally, as we mature, we may more easily appreciate that our true-life skills shine through when we have picked up the moral values that the majority of teachers and parents are so eager to ___(47)___ to us. These are vital considerations in the education debate currently taking place.